response is a built-in variable in karate that stores HTTP API response. To test a specific feature in karate I run: mvn test -Dkarate.options="classpath:myfeature.feature". The only rule is that on start-up Karate expects a file called karate-config.js to exist on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function. When using call (or callonce), only one argument is allowed. But you can choose a single test to run like this: When your Java test runner is linked to multiple feature files, which will be the case when you use the recommended parallel runner, you can narrow down your scope to a single feature, scenario or directory via the command-line, useful in dev-mode. Either - it can be assigned to a variable like so. But this time, the return value from the call step will be a JSON array of the same size as the input array. This can be a lot simpler than embedded expressions in many cases, and JavaScript programmers will feel right at home. # using a static method - observe how java interop is truly seamless ! Here is a good example in the demos: dynamic-params.feature, The single JSON argument needs to be in the form { field1: { read: 'file1.ext' }, field2: { read: 'file2.ext' } } where each nested JSON is in the form expected by multipart file. Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Karate API Test Script. # but using karate.range() you can even do this ! In the called feature, the argument can also be accessed using the built-in variable: called Karate scripts dont need to use any special keywords to return data and can behave like normal Karate tests in stand-alone mode if needed, the data return mechanism is safe, there is no danger of the called script over-writing any variables in the calling (or parent) script (unless you use, the need to explicitly unpack variables by name from the returned envelope keeps things readable and maintainable in the caller script, call re-usable functions that take complex data as an argument and return complex data that can be stored in a variable, JavaScript / JSON-style mutation of existing. Also refer to this demo example for a working example of multipart file uploads: upload.feature. There is no concept of a default where for e.g. And karate.appendTo() is for updating an existing variable (the equivalent of array.push() in JavaScript), which is especially useful in the body of a karate.forEach(). } _ >= 0', ] And you can mix API and UI test-automation within the same test script. It is worth pointing out that JSON is a first class citizen of the syntax such that you can express payload and expected data without having to use double-quotes and without having to enclose JSON field names in quotes. You may have to rely on unit-testing frameworks or integrate additional dependencies. "hotels": [ Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. So you can refer to the response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if needed. This demonstrates a Java Maven + JUnit 5 project set up to test a Spring Boot app. Especially when payloads are complex (or highly dynamic), it may be more practical to use contains semantics. If your XPath is dynamic and has to be formed on the fly perhaps by using some variable derived from previous steps, you can use the karate.xmlPath() helper: You can refer to this file (which is part of the Karate test-suite) for more XML examples: xml-and-xpath.feature. A few points to note: Note that only variables and configuration settings will be passed. JSON / arrays), see, executes an OS command, but forks a process in parallel and will not block the test like, for advanced conditional logic for e.g. The name of the class doesn't matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. Refer to the demos for another example: soap.feature. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. But you will never need to worry about this internal data-representation most of the time. For Gradle, you simply specify the test which is to be include-d: The big drawback of the approach above is that you cannot run tests in parallel. JavaScript Functions are also native. """, # * match cat == { name: '#ignore', type: '#regex . For those who may prefer YAML as a simpler way to represent data, Karate allows you to read YAML content from a file - and it will be auto-converted into JSON. You can also sort arrays of arbitrary JSON using karate.sort(). But we recommend that you do this only if you are sure that these routines are needed in almost all *.feature files. This is super-useful for re-use and data-driven tests. Since multiple values are supported, you can also do this: A little-known capability of the Cucumber / Gherkin syntax is to be able to tag even specific rows in a bunch of examples ! This can be convenient if a particular call results in a huge response payload. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, Thanks @peter-thomas for the hints. Key Features (click images to expand) Monitors hundreds of thousands of threads running concurrently on each GPU. Set the read timeout (milliseconds). Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. For suppressing sensitive information such as secrets and passwords from the log and reports, see Log Masking and Report Verbosity. By default, the file is expected to be in the same folder (package) and side-by-side with the *.feature file. For example: You can reset default settings by using the following short-cut: Since you can use configure any time within a test, you have control over which requests or steps you want to show / hide. The contents of my-signin.feature are shown below. Here is an example of what is possible: Not something you would commonly use, but in some cases you need to disable Karates default behavior of attempting to parse anything that looks like JSON (or XML) when using multi-line / string expressions. Valid options are, The number of bits used to encode each pixel, The maximum size on the smallest dimension before downsampling. Native data types mean that you can insert them into a script without having to worry about enclosing them in strings and then having to escape double-quotes all over the place. Instead you would typically use the match keyword, that is designed for performing powerful assertions against JSON and XML response payloads. } It may be easier for you to use the Karate Maven archetype to create a skeleton project with one command. Before we get to the HTTP keywords, it is worth doing a recap of the various shapes that the right-hand-side of an assignment statement can take: They are url, path, request, method and status. Requirement: Open a feature file in VSCode Editor and ensure editor has focus. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. JSON arrays), see. Behaves the same way as the. Instantiating a Java class and using this in a test is easy (see example): Since karate-config.js is processed for every Scenario, you can use a singleton instead of calling new every time. Background: We use it for defining variables that will be used in the particular .feature file and will be used by all the requests in the feature file. The match syntax involves a double-equals sign == to represent a comparison (and not an assignment =). Refer to the section on dynamic port numbers for an example. See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. name: 'Billie', To force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax. You could always do this in two steps: As a convenience, embedded expressions are supported on the Right Hand Side of a match statement even for quoted string literals: And do note that in Karate 1.0 onwards, ES6 string-interpolation within backticks is supported: An alternative to embedded expressions (for JSON only) is to enclose the entire payload within parentheses - which tells Karate to evaluate it as pure JavaScript. Conditionally making a test fail is easy with karate.fail(). Step 2 - Add the below-mentioned dependencies in the Gradle project in build.gradle. Here below are a few more common examples: The first three are good enough for random string generation for most situations. REST API Testing with Karate | Baeldung This example actually calls into existing Java code, and being able to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities. Note that if you did not need to inject Examples: into placeholders enclosed within < and >, reading from a file with the extension *.txt may have been sufficient. What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? And there is another example in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you can compare Karates approach with an actual JSON-schema example. In situations where you start an (embedded) application server as part of the test set-up phase, a typical challenge is that the HTTP port may be determined at run-time. GET Method: Step 1: Create a feature file under src/test/java folder. Here is how you can pass data from one feature file another. The recipe for doing this when running Maven from the command line is: You can refer to the documentation of the Maven Surefire Plugin for alternate ways of achieving this, but the argLine approach is the simplest and should be more than sufficient for your Continuous Integration or test-automation needs. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. For advanced examples, refer to some of the scenarios within this demo: dynamic-params.feature. The same concept applies to XML and you can build complicated payloads from scratch in just a few, extremely readable lines. Add Gradle Cucumber Task to build.gradle. Note that the mvn test command only runs test classes that follow the *Test.java naming convention by default. Naturally, only one value can be returned. Ideally you should return only pure JSON data (or a primitive string, number etc.). But there are cases where you need to take custom actions like saving a response to a file, file reading or writing, etc. Karate tool provides you with the step definitions. params, headers, cookies, form fields, multipart fields and multipart files take a single JSON argument (which can be in-line or a variable reference), and this enables certain types of dynamic data-driven testing, especially because any JSON key with a null value will be ignored. Karate supports JUnit 5 and the advantage is that you can have multiple methods in a test-class. You should be able to right-click and run a single method using your IDE - which should be sufficient when you are in development mode. Note how we read as a string, but cast to JSON: If you want to use the triple-quote / multi-line way of defining JSON or if you have to use XML - you can use text and cast to JSON or XML as a second step - before using in a match: Karates match is strict, and the case where a JSON key exists but has a null value (#null) is considered different from the case where the key is not present at all (#notpresent) in the payload. As well as being a great voice for video games, animation and films, I've now added MoCap training to my bow - and am currently in full Motion Capture training with the Mocap Vaults. Provides supports for the Data Driver Testing that is built in-house, hence no need to depend on external frameworks. Create util.DbUtils java class and add the following java code snippet. Since it is internally implemented as a JavaScript function, you can mix calls to read() freely wherever JavaScript expressions are allowed: Tip: you can even use JS expressions to dynamically choose a file based on some condition: * def someConfig = read('my-config-' + someVariable + '.json'). The feature is invoked for each item in the array. Allowed keystore types are as described in the, if all server certificates should be considered trusted. [peter] exactly as per design. Create the Step Definition class or Glue Code for the Test Scenario. Karate Tests you can immediately run, with validation, inline payload examples and . Also refer to the wiki for using Karate with Gradle. This is a core feature and does not depend on JUnit, Maven or Gradle. Make sure you configure your source code management system (e.g. 1234 } If you want to keep the level as DEBUG (for HTML reports) but suppress logging to the console, you can comment out the STDOUT root appender-ref: Or another option is to use a ThresholdFilter, so you still see critical logs on the console: If you want to exclude the logs from your CI/CD pipeline but keep them in the execution of your users in their locals you can configure your logback using Janino. And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. status: '#number? any valid JavaScript expression, and variables can be mixed in, another example: equivalent to the above, JavaScript function invocation, Pretty print the request payload JSON or XML with indenting (default, Pretty print the response payload JSON or XML with indenting (default. Karate makes re-use of payload data, utility-functions and even other test-scripts as easy as possible. Observe the usage of Scenario Outline: instead of Scenario:, and the new Examples: section. This is useful for testing payloads with JSON arrays whose members have a few essential keys that you wish to validate. The above would result in a URL like: http://myhost/mypath?someKey=hello&anotherKey=foo. auth tokens) only once for all of your tests. all Keep in mind that the reason this exists is to cache data, and not behavior. This is like the opposite of set if you need to remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances. if the name is "first": And if you use IntelliJ - you can right click and do the above. } """, """ You can always directly access the variable called responseHeaders if you wanted to do more checks, but you typically wont need to. But to be able to run JUnit 5 tests from the command-line, you need to ensure that the latest version of the maven-surefire-plugin is present in your project pom.xml (within the / section): To run a single test method, for example the testTags() in the example above, you can do this: Also look at how to run tests via the command-line and the parallel runner. Run the tests from Command Line. Not the answer you're looking for? """, """ "b": 2, When you have a sequence of HTTP calls that need to be repeated for multiple test scripts, Karate allows you to treat a *.feature file as a re-usable unit. We just need to follow the Karate DSL syntax. { "roomInformation": [{ "roomPrice": 618.4 }], "totalPrice": 618.4 }, Karate Run option on individual scenario does not work for VSCode Since XML is represented internally as a JSON-like or map-like object, if you perform string concatenation when printing, you will not see XML - which can be confusing at first. You can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files. So you could have also done something like: Also refer to the configure keyword on how to switch on pretty-printing of all HTTP requests and responses. Use either the param keyword, e.g. An image comparison UI will also be embedded into the Karate HTML report with detailed information about any differences between the two images. The most common use-case would be to partition your tests into smoke, regression and the like - which enables being able to selectively execute a sub-set of tests. For example, see the sayHelloFactory() method below: And now, to get a reference to that function you can do this: This can be convenient when using shared scope because you can just call sayHello('myname') where needed. But you can suffix a ?name to the feature to de-dupe it, like so: Now adminResponse and userResponse will be different, even though the same feature file is being used for a callSingle(). But in that case you should de-dupe them using a name: And since it is common to run a @setup Scenario only once per-feature you can call karate.setupOnce().